Hindmarsh Barley
Note Number: AG1381
Published: May 2009
Hindmarsh is a new early maturing semi-dwarf barley variety with exceptional yield potential, especially in drier years. Hindmarsh has excellent head retention and lodging resistance, good leaf disease resistance, short rachilla hairs and has good physical grain characteristics.
Hindmarsh
- semi dwarf variety
- broadly adapted to low and medium rainfall districts of eastern Australia (central and southern NSW, VIC and South Australia)
- maturity similar to Barque
- flowers approximately 5 days earlier than Schooner and approximately 4 days later than Keel
- grain plumpness exceeds Schooner
- resistant to cereal cyst nematode
- susceptible to Spot Form of Net Blotch
Breeding
Trialled and tested as VB0324, Hindmarsh was bred by David Moody, former Senior Barley Breeder, Department of Primary Industries, Horsham, using a strategy to combine the best features of current Australian malting and feed barley varieties. Hindmarsh combines the semi-dwarf, erect plant architecture of Dash with the early maturity and adaptation of the breeding line VB9409.
Plant characteristics
Early vigour and weed competitiveness are similar to Barque. Hindmarsh has approximately the same maturity time as does Barque, being approximately 5 days earlier flowering than Schooner and approximately 4 days later than Keel.
Target growing regions
Hindmarsh is an early maturing, semi-dwarf variety with very good grain plumpness adapted to a wide area of south-eastern Australia with 325mm – 450mm annual rainfall. In these areas, Hindmarsh should initially be considered an alternative to the feed varieties Fleet, Keel and Barque. Compared to these varieties, Hindmarsh offers both superior test weight and head retention. Commercial assessment for malting quality is continuing but these trials will not be complete until the end of 2009 and any decision on the adoption of this variety prior to this date should be made on the basis that grain of Hindmarsh is suitable for the feed barley market only.
Figure 1. Map of Australia indicating potential Hindmarsh barley growing area.
Quality
Physical gain quality analysis indicates the average grain plumpness of Hindmarsh is superior to Schooner. Grain test weight of Hindmarsh is substantially higher than alternative feed varieties such as Barque and Keel.
|
|
Agronomic traits |
|
|
Grain plumpness |
Head retention |
Straw strength |
Sprouting tolerance |
|
Baudin |
6 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
|
Buloke |
6 |
6 |
7 |
9 |
|
Flagship |
6 |
4 |
7 |
3 |
|
Gairdner |
5 |
7 |
7 |
9 |
|
Hindmarsh |
9 |
9 |
9 |
- |
|
Keel |
6 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
|
Schooner |
7 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
|
SloopSA |
8 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
|
SloopVic |
8 |
6 |
6 |
7 | |
Table 1. Relative strengths on a 1 to 9 scale of malting and feed varieties when grown in Victoria.
A rating of 9 indicates a very positive characteristic of the variety, whilst a rating of 1 indicates a very serious problem with the variety for that particular trait. Schooner and Gairdner are included as reference checks. |
Grain yield
During seasons with harsh spring conditions, favouring early maturing varieties, long term yields of Hindmarsh in the Wimmera were 15% higher than the late maturing Gairdner and 9% higher yielding than the very early maturing feed variety Keel. In the Mallee, long term yields (2000-2008) of Hindmarsh were 21% higher than the midseason maturing dominant variety Schooner and 8% higher yielding than Keel. The relative long term yield advantage over current varieties is evident across a spectrum of regions and soil types (Table 2).
Disease resistance profile
In terms of leaf disease resistance, Hindmarsh is moderately resistant to Scald, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to Net Form of Net Blotch (NFNB) and susceptible to Spot Form of Net Blotch (SFNB). Hindmarsh is resistant to Heterodera avenae, the causal agent of the disease known as Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN). Hindmarsh exhibits relatively severe boron toxicity symptoms but has nevertheless yielded well in those areas in which boron toxicity is common.
Table 2. Long-term yield of barley varieties in Victoria, 2000 – 2008 (yield as % Schooner or Gairdner). The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.
|
|
Main Season |
Long Season |
|
|
Mallee |
Wimmera |
North Central |
North East |
South West |
South West |
|
Gairdner t/ha |
|
2.72 |
2.92 |
4.08 |
2.17 |
5.46 |
|
Schooner t/ha |
2.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malting Barley |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baudin |
101(52) |
101(31) |
99(13) |
98(9) |
90(6) |
94(14) |
|
Buloke |
110(46) |
104(25) |
104(11) |
101(8) |
102(5) |
* |
|
Commander |
111(45) |
106(25) |
105(11) |
105(8) |
103(5) |
102(9) |
|
Flagship |
102(39) |
97(20) |
96(11) |
94(7) |
90(4) |
88(3) |
|
Franklin |
85(45) |
86(38) |
89(15) |
90(14) |
85(10) |
92(26) |
|
Gairdner |
100(68) |
100(41) |
100(15) |
100(14) |
100(11) |
100(26) |
|
Schooner |
100(70) |
92(41) |
93(15) |
90(14) |
87(11) |
* |
|
Sloop |
101(55) |
94(35) |
96(9) |
93(11) |
91(10) |
* |
|
Vlamingh |
101(22) |
98(9) |
100(4) |
* |
* |
93(15) |
|
Feed Barley |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barque |
109(70) |
101(41) |
101(9) |
99(11) |
96(10) |
* |
|
Fleet |
113(23) |
109(10) |
109(6) |
105(3) |
* |
100(3) |
|
Hindmarsh |
121(23) |
115(12) |
111(6) |
105(4) |
106(3) |
* |
|
Keel |
113(66) |
109(37) |
103(15) |
99(14) |
93(9) |
* |
|
Maritime |
108(30) |
101(15) |
* |
* |
* |
92(11) |
|
Tantangara |
103(21) |
104(15) |
99(4) |
100(6) |
95(4) |
99(5) |
|
Torrens |
90(15) |
80(9) |
* |
82(4) |
* |
* |
|
Tulla |
103(3) |
* |
* |
* |
* |
97(3) |
|
Urambie |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
102(5) |
|
Yarra |
108(53) |
103(31) |
101(13) |
101(11) |
99(5) |
95(6) |
Source: NVT Long term (2000-2008) Victorian Barley Yields.
Variety not sown at these sites
Table 3. Resistance of Hindmarsh to commonly occurring diseases in the proposed growing regions compared to competitor varieties.
|
|
Disease / Stress
|
|
Variety |
Boron toxicity |
CCN |
Scald |
BYDV
|
Powdery Mildew |
Leaf Rust |
NFNB |
SFNB |
|
Baudin |
MIT |
S |
S-VS |
MR |
S-VS |
VS |
MS# |
S |
|
Buloke |
MT |
S |
S |
S* |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
|
Commander |
? |
R |
S |
S |
MR-MS |
S |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
|
Flagship |
IT |
R |
MS |
S |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
MR-MS |
MS |
|
Gairdner |
IT |
S |
S-VS |
MR |
MR |
MS-S |
MR-MS |
S-VS |
|
Schooner |
MIT |
S |
MS |
S |
VS |
S-VS |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
|
Sloop |
MIT |
S |
S |
S |
VS |
VS |
MR-MS |
S |
|
Sloop SA |
MIT |
R |
S |
S |
VS |
S |
MR |
S |
|
Sloop VIC |
MT |
R |
S |
S |
MR-MS |
MS |
MR |
MS-S |
|
Barque |
MIT |
R |
VS |
S |
MR-MS |
MS-S |
MS |
MR |
|
Hindmarsh |
IT |
R |
MR |
S |
MS |
MS |
MR-MS# |
S |
|
Keel |
MT |
R |
MS |
S |
MS |
VS |
MR |
MR |
Source: Cereal Disease Guide 2009, Grant Hollaway.
Disease resistance; R = resistant MR = moderately resistant MS = moderately susceptible S = susceptible VS = very susceptible
T = tolerant MT = moderately tolerant MI = moderately intolerant I = intolerant
# Varieties marked may no longer be resistant due to the occurrence of new races making these varieties susceptible.
* These ratings are less reliable and should be treated with caution. ? = disease status yet to be confirmed for Victoria.
Plant Breeder’s Rights and Royalties
Hindmarsh is currently under negotiation for protection licenses for Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR). Any unauthorized commercial propagation or any sale, conditioning, export, import or stocking of propagating material of this variety is an infringement under the Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994.
Ordering seed
Hindmarsh barley is to be ordered direct from AWB SeedNet Partners. For verification of you nearest Seednet partner please contact AWB Seeds in Dimboola (03) 5389 0150 or visit their website.
Acknowledgements
Drafted by Mary Raynes, Farm Services Victoria, May 2009 with acknowledgements to;
Ms Cassandra Black, Cereal Chemist, DPI, Horsham
Mr David Moody, Principal Research Scientist, DPI, Horsham
Dr Grant Hollaway, Senior Cereal Pathologist, DPI,Horsham
Dr Joe Panozzo, Senior Cereal Chemist, DPI, Horsham
Mr Geoff Stratford, Grains Team, DPI, Horsham